The Vietnam War was described as a civil war within South Vietnam, although it became a proxy war between Cold War powers. In 1962, the United States, both Vietnams, and several other nations agreed to respect the neutrality of and not interfere in the affairs of Laos, which borders Vietnam to the west. ... Up Next. People from other countries also went to fight but not in their own national army. In the 1954 Geneva Accords, following the Soviet Union, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai urged the Viet Minh to accept a temporary partition of Vietnam at the 17th parallel. The countries involved in Vietnam were Republic of Vietnam, United States, Republic of Korea, Australia, Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Khmer Republic, and Kingdom of Laos. Winston Churchill, and later Harold Wilson, may be thought of as having kept Britain out of Vietnam, but in actual fact, that was only once it had begun to escalate.. Determined to prevent South Vietnam from falling into communist hands, the United States propped up Diem with billions of dollars in aid, as well as increasing numbers of military advisers. A converted T-28 trainer aircraft is seen near 250-pound bombs used by Meo pilots of Vang Pao's "mini-Air Force" against North Vietnamese in northern Laos. The main reason the United States got involved in Vietnam was the purpose of doing everything possible to keep communism from spreading around world. ... What four presidents were involved in the war. Yet, as Moise points out, they both learned one important lesson: “It’s dangerous to get in a fight when the other side cares about winning more than you do.”. Countries Involved in the Vietnam War: The Vietnam War was an undeclared war fought between North and South Vietnam. (The two countries were undergoing a bitter split at the time.). The main countries involved in the Vietnam War were North and South Vietnam. Though it originally took little interest in the Vietnam War, the Soviet Union secretly ramped up its aid to North Vietnam following Nikita Khrushchev’s fall from power. Below is a list of nations that played a role in the Vietnam War, and details on what motivated them to get involved. In the end, almost 60,000 Australians served (521 of whom died), about 40,000 Thais served (321 of whom died), and over 3,000 New Zealanders served (37 of whom died). All told, the Chinese claimed to have spent over $20 billion in support of North Vietnam and deployed 320,000 military personnel, more than 4,000 of whom died. Although Moscow belatedly recognized Ho’s government in January 1950, they rejected his request to back North Vietnamese movement for independence against the French. The Domino Theory. The main countries involved in Vietnam included North Vietnam, South Vietnam, United States of America, Peoples Republic of China, South Korea and USSR. Sovfoto/Universal Images Group/Getty Images. However, in the years following the war, a vast number of South Vietnamese were sent to re-education campswhere many endured torture, starvation, and disease while being forced to p… The Vietnam War (also known as Second Indochina War or American War in Vietnam) lasted from 1 November 1955–30 April 1975, (19 years, 5 months, 4 weeks and 1 day).It was fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam.North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union, China and North Korea, while South Vietnam was supported by the United States, South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New … After a while, “no one thinks they’re going to win,” says James McAllister, a political science professor at Williams College, “but they’re damn sure a loss is not going to take place under their watch.”, READ MORE: How the Vietnam War Ratcheted Up Under 5 US Presidents. i dont want explinations about federal nations and immigration and stuff, just give me a simple list of the countries invlved, and if you can, please tell me who were allies and … Impact of the Gulf War. “The French had controlled Vietnam for a couple of generations,” explains Ed Moise, a professor of history at Clemson University and author of Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War. The United States got involved to prevent South Vietnam from falling into communist hands. Here, retired Colonel William C Haponski, co-author of ‘Autopsy of an Unwinnable War: Vietnam’, explains that the British were in fact one of five main players in early post-World War 2 Vietnam. The South was supported by anti-communist countries, primarily the United States. – Part 2. Vietnam War Countries Involved View: More Articles from . ... China China's interests in the Vietnam War began in the late 1940's when the communists managed to gain control. The main countries involved in the Vietnam War were North and South Vietnam. Despite speculation that the victorious North Vietnamese would, in President Nixon's words, "massacre the civilians there [South Vietnam] by the millions," there is a widespread consensus that no mass executions took place. The United States involvement in Vietnam began in 1950, during the French Indochina War. The US first used napalm during World War II in both the European and Pacific theaters, and also deployed it during the Korean War.However, those instances are dwarfed by American use of napalm in the Vietnam War, where the US dropped almost 400,000 tons of napalm bombs in the decade between 1963 and 1973. Following France’s defeat in the First Indochina War, an international agreement divided Vietnam in two. Yet the Vietnamese didn’t do all the fighting. June 7, 2016. However, they did not actively involved in the conflict until early 1967 after their ruling Workers Party approved the decision in October 1966. Meanwhile, the relationships between China and Soviet Union began to deteriorate through the 1960s. U.S. officials eventually soured on Diem, tacitly approving a 1963 coup that resulted in his death. This is the currently selected item. Following the victory over the south in 1975, the unified Vietnam waged a four year war against Cambodia. Last Updated on READ MORE: Why Were Vietnam War Vets Treated Poorly When They Returned? Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. in 1968. The Chinese interpreted American “aggression” against North Vietnam after the Gulf of Tonkin incident as their own and threatened to militarily intervene in North Vietnam if American forces crossed the DMZ. 320,000 military personnel, more than 4,000. North Vietnam was backed … A Cold War-era billboard in Moscow showing bombs raining down on Uncle Sam reading, 'Aggressors out of Vietnam!' Ho led the North, whereas the U.S.-backed Ngo Dinh Diem took charge of the South. What countries involved in the Vietnam War? Moscow now became North Vietnam’s main benefactor, increasing its aid to Hanoi in response to the US military escalation of 1965. This was reinforced by a treaty signed during a Hanoi delegation’s visit in Beijing in July 1965 to provide Hanoi enough economic support and necessary equipment for national defense. China only came in 1979 after the war was over when China invaded north Vietnam. Yet, no matter what they tried, the Americans never succeeded in seriously disrupting North Vietnamese supply lines, nor did they prevent the fall of Laos to the communists in 1975. As the original communist state, the Soviet Union aided North Vietnam, with increasing support in the late 1960s. His account of the Vietnam War, A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann And America In Vietnam, took him 15 years to write. Mostly in this world people think that the war is not the batter solution for any kind of dispute, violence and misunderstanding. The Chinese allowed Soviet materiel across China for the North to prosecute wage the war. The situation changed dramatically when the Chinese communist won the civil in mainland china in October 1949 and fostered the communist movement further to Asia. The war resulted in the victory of North Vietnam (the communists) over the South Vietnam which means U.S. Had to accept the defeat. The nine-year campaign was so intense that, on average, a planeload of explosives fell every eight minutes, making Laos, per capita, the most heavily bombed nation on earth. Some countries such as Cuba and Taiwan provided secret supports to their respective allies while others such as Czechoslovakia, East and West Germany although did not officially participate offered military advisors, engineers and doctors in their allies’ forces. China continued to provide military aid and support to North Vietnam years after the first Indochina war. Germany subsequently declared war following Russian cooperation with Serbia. The Vietnam War served as a proxy war … Prior to that time, the number of American newsmen in Indochina had been small—fewer than two dozen even as late as 1964. The 1988 book won the Pulitzer Prize for non-fiction. But perhaps their biggest role was preemptive: They made it clear that if U.S. ground troops invaded North Vietnam, then they would respond in kind. As the Pentagon Papers later revealed, “the Diem regime certainly, and an independent South Vietnam almost as certainly, could not have survived” without U.S. help. South Korea was the main U.S. and South Vietnamese partner, providing over 300,000 troops and suffering some 5,000 deaths. Nonetheless, “if there had been no Chinese or Soviet support, the North Vietnamese could not have won,” he says, pointing out that the U.S. military budget was roughly 30 times greater than the entire gross national product of North Vietnam. Laos was originally neutral in the conflict, but the North Vietnamese moved troops through the country and supported a communist insurgency. North Korea – Pyongyang also contributed to the communist north. U.S. bombs killed tens of thousands of Cambodians, which, some historians contend, may have increased popular support for the Khmer Rouge, a communist insurgency group that initiated a brutal genocide upon taking power in 1975. Instead, a communist insurgency broke out, pitting the so-called Viet Cong, who were sponsored by North Vietnam, against Diem’s forces. However, the US started direct military action in Vietnam in 1964 until 1973. So, too, did a legitimate fear of Communism, Moise says. Causes of the Vietnam war. Japan mostly served as the repair facilities for U.S. tanks and ships China's interest in Vietnam began in the 1940's when communism began to take control. Why Were Vietnam War Vets Treated Poorly When They Returned? It wanted no part of the new conflict. Prince Norodom Sihanouk “basically felt that he was surrounded by dangerous enemies, and he had to make nice with some of them,” Moise says, adding that “he could not afford to offend” the North Vietnamese despite being “anti-communist in Cambodian politics.”. The Vietnam War was fought between communist North Vietnam and the government of Southern Vietnam. Nonetheless, during 1972 – 1975, China continued to provide the sinews of modern war that would enable NVA to launch two modern and large-scale offensives against South Vietnam in both 1972 and 1975 which eventually ended the Vietnam War. During the Second World War, Japan invaded the country. South Korea South Korea, after the US, had the largest contingent of soldiers in South Vietnam. In 1954, Ho’s forces won a decisive victory at Dien Bien Phu and succeeded in evicting the French once and for all. Among other weapons, the USSR provided surface-to-air missiles that the Chinese weren’t yet technologically capable of producing. The student movement and the antiwar movement. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. The countries involved in Vietnam were Republic of Vietnam, United States, Republic of Korea, Australia, Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Khmer Republic, and Kingdom of Laos. Similar to Beijing, Moscow who feared U.S. direct intervention in Vietnam urged Ho Chi Minh to accept the temporary division of Vietnam of the 1954 Geneva Accords and focus on building the country’s military and economy instead. Poster entitled "Support Vietnam People," circa 1969, showing China's support of the Communist cause in Vietnam. The Vietnam War (1955–75) was a time of great controversy in the United States. WHAT COUNTRIES WERE INVOLVED IN THE VIETNAM WAR? Financial aid, along with a desire to curry favor with the United States, drew in additional countries as well. You can see Cambodia here, Vietnam along the coast, and then, Laos, right over here. Soviet Union and china. In 1971, the Pentagon Papers were leaked, revealing confidential information about the war. Vietnam became a subject of large-scale news coverage in the United States only after substantial numbers of U.S. combat troops had been committed to the war in the spring of 1965. Sheehan served as a war correspondent for United Press International and then the New York Times in the early days of US involvement in the Vietnam War in the 1960s. South Vietnam was backed by anti-communist countries and members of the South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) which included the United States, South Korea, Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Khmer Republic (later overthrown by Khmer Rouge), Kingdom of Laos and Republic of China (Taiwan). North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union, China and North Korea, while South Vietnam was supported by the United States, South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. South Vietnam was backed by anti-communist countries and members of the South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) which included the United States, South Korea, Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Khmer Republic (later overthrown by Khmer Rouge), Kingdom of Laos and Republic of China (Taiwan). “The Koreans sent more troops and much more aggressive troops [than other U.S. allies],” Moise says. Here, retired Colonel William C Haponski, co-author of ‘Autopsy of an Unwinnable War: Vietnam’, explains that the British were in fact one of five main players in early post-World War 2 Vietnam. Saigon is the city located in South Vietnam that resides next to Ho Chi Ming City. The United States and many other countries intervened, propping up both sides—but especially South Vietnam—with troops, weapons and supplies and turning what started as a small guerrilla uprising into a major Cold War-era conflict. If we take a look on the history of this word when the war is being started, there were number of causes from which the brutality and the economic disasters were major causes that were going through the countries to countries. Chinese troops in North Vietnam would eventually withdraw, for the most part, by 1970. Bombs ready to be loaded onto a French aircraft for the long drawn out Dien Bien Phu Battle of the Indochina War on April 10, 1954. Save your work forever, build multiple bibliographies, run plagiarism checks, and much more. The Vietnam war was a civil war involving what two Vietnamese. And France stayed the colonizing power-- I have a little gap in my timeline here-- and they stayed a colonizing power all the way through World War II. Despite the tensions, both Beijing and Moscow shared the same view on the conflict in Vietnam. In fact, French President Charles de Gaulle warned his U.S. counterpart, John F. Kennedy Jr., that Vietnam would be a “bottomless military and political swamp.” Though prescient, the advice ultimately went unheeded. By 1975, when North Vietnamese troops took Saigon and reunified the nation under communist rule, an estimated 1 million to 3 million Vietnamese had perished, many of them civilians. That insurgency drew heavy U.S. bombing. Though Vietnamese communists allied with the Khmer Rouge during the Vietnam War, they eventually deposed the regime in 1979. To conclude, China played an active and crucial role in supporting their communist ally in the Vietnam war the with more than 320,000 Chinese troops stationed in North Vietnam between 1965 and 1971, peaking in 1967 with around 170,000 Chinese in the DRV. Since the 19 th century, Vietnam had been under colonial rule. At first, the United States largely operated behind the scenes. China invaded Vietnam in 1979 by way of retaliation. There were also members of the International Control Commission (ICC) and International Commission of Control and Supervision (ICCS) who albeit supposedly neutral took sides and even offered aid to them such as Poland and Canada. The Soviets wanted to “make life difficult for the United States,” McAllister says, “but they didn’t want to do it in a way that got them in a conflict with the United States.”, Soviet involvement in the war increased in the late 1960s, just as China’s influence was lessening. Today’s post comes from Madie Ward in the National Archives History Office. Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam that is located in the north of the country. North Vietnam was backed by communist forces … As a result, the Vietnamese suffered the highest casualties in the conflict. It was also an important city that China, the Soviet Union, and other countries supported. This was the belief that if one country fell to communism, it was likely that the … Instead, Joseph Stalin encouraged Mao Zedong to assist North Vietnam, which he did in the First Indochina War and through the rest of the 1950s. The Vietnam War. Automatically reference everything correctly with CiteThisForMe. It was fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The United States lost the Vietnam War. Contents. Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. However, it’s worth noticing that after China’s ally Khmer Rouge conducted some savage raids along the border between Vietnam and Cambodia during 1975–1978 and Vietnam responded with an invasion that overthrew them, China decided to launch a brief, punitive border invasion of Vietnam in 1979 sometimes known as the Third Indochina War to “teach them a lesson”. Vietnam eventually fell completely to communism. The U.S involvement in Vietnam had started as early as 1950 when Harry Truman sent military advisors to aid the French. The United States got involved to prevent South Vietnam from falling into communist hands. It was France's attempt to reestablish its rule in Vietnam after WWII. jaguar & land rover. Elections were planned to reunite the country within two years, but Diem, with U.S. approval, never submitted to a vote that he feared losing. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. On 2 July 1976, North and South Vietnam were merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. July 1954: At a conference in Geneva, world … Unsurprisingly, the North Vietnamese likewise moved troops and supplies through neighboring Cambodia, which, though officially neutral, tolerated the communist intrusions. And so you can imagine, during World War II, France was quickly overrun by the Germans. By the time American forces finally withdrew in 1973, about 2.7 million U.S. soldiers had served in Vietnam, more than 58,000 had died, and the nation had racked up a staggering bill of at least $111 billion (plus billions more in non-military costs). China and the Soviet Union didn’t have to do as much as the Americans, Moise explains, because they were buttressing the stronger side. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! In 1964, however, the so-called Gulf of Tonkin incident prompted President Lyndon B. Johnson to commit combat troops and launch a massive bombing campaign, and U.S. involvement only deepened from there. Cambodia, while officially neutral, tolerated communist intrusions—and was bombed by the United States for those intrusions. An approximately 1,000 Chinese were killed in North Vietnam in the late 1960s. USA. There were 6 Free World nations and 2 communist allies that officially sent men and material support to South and North Vietnam respectively. THE WAR IN VIETNAM was one of the 20 th Century’s most intractable conflicts. The American people did not feel like their government was being held accountable. The North was supported by communist countries such as the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union. In 1966, the reclusive regime dispatched two squadrons of MiG-17s and a squadron of MiG-21s — 30 planes in all. May 7, 1954: Ho Chi Minh’s Viet Minh forces defeat the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, effectively ending the 7 ½-year Indochina War. South Korea was the main U.S. and South Vietnamese partner, contributing more than 300,000 troops to the war. All rights reserved. The escalation of US involvement in Vietnam increased Soviet interest. Unexploded munitions from the Vietnam War-era continue to kill Laotians (and Vietnamese and Cambodians) to this day. The Vietnam War is still going on in Vietnam. North Vietnam immediately broke the accord, however, moving troops and supplies through Laos rather than traversing the heavily guarded demilitarized zone that separated it from South Vietnam. The War was mainly fought in South Vietnam, North Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. At the same time, Sino-Vietnamese relationship also soured as Hanoi refused to cut relations with Moscow as per Beijing’s demand as well as disagreement in Paris peace negotiations and particularly U.S. President Nixon’s visit to China in 1972. The main countries involved in the Vietnam War were South Vietnam and North Vietnam.South Vietnam was backed by anti-communist countries and members of the South East Asia Treaty Organization which included the United States, South Korea, Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Khmer Republic, Kingdom of Laos and Republic of China. Not wanting to be seen as going it alone, the Johnson administration pressured other countries to join in the Vietnam War, much as George W. Bush would later form a “coalition of the willing” to fight in the Iraq War. However, they were also being paid off by the United States in the form of economic and military assistance. What could have been the solutions for both North and South Vietnam? Jennifer Manzo Both Moscow and Beijing hoped to expand communism into Asia. The Soviets even allegedly shot down some U.S. planes. All of these countries were on the anti-communist force. At first, the U.S. operated behind the scenes, but after 1964, sent combat troops and became more deeply mired in the war.Following France’s defeat in the First Indochina War, an international agreement divided Vietnam in two. The death of Stalin in March 1953 and the stabilization of events in Europe drew Moscow’s attention back to Southeast Asia. North Vietnam is supported by what two countries. Donate or volunteer today! Japan's involvement in the Vietnam War included the use of bases in Okinawa to use as launching points for the U.S. army. © 2012-2021 The Vietnam War. They were seeking to strengthen their ties with France and help stop the spread of communism. While South Korea sent a total of 313,000 soldiers between 1965 and 1973 to South Vietnam, North Korea only sent in a fighter squadron to North Vietnam in early 1967 to back up their air defenses in the city of Hanoi. © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. 1 Hồng Bàng Dynasty (2879 BC – 257 BC) 2 … Newly communist China had supported Ho Chi Minh during the war with the French, and continued to do so during the war with the U.S. by providing weapons, expertise and manpower. While nearly 60,000 Americans lost their lives in the … In total, there were at least 21 countries* reported to get involved in the entire wars in Vietnam – from the First Indochina war (December 19, 1946 – August 1, 1954) to the Vietnam war (the Second Indochina war) (November 1, 1955 to April 30, 1975): * Most of the communist allies hardly disclose any details of their activities during the conflict although their involvement in Vietnam was apparent. Brutal tactics were the norm during the Vietnam War, and no one suffered more than the Vietnamese themselves, both in the North and the South. The significant impact of the war was that it resulted in the death of a large number of people. The North Vietnamese also came to dominate a communist insurgency against the royalist government of Prince Souvanna Phouma, relegating the local Laotian Communists to what Moise describes as “junior partners.”. The United Kingdom (members of Allied Control Commission (ACC)), Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), Cambodia (Khmer Republic and Khmer Rouge), Republic of Vietnam ( aka South Vietnam (1955 – 1975) succeeded State of Vietnam (1949 – 1955) ). List of wars involving Vietnam. France had been a long-time occupier of Vietnam before 1954. Meanwhile, President Richard Nixon authorized a cross-border invasion of Laos in 1971. https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history Despite being in bad economic shape at the time, newly Communist China aided Ho during the war with the French, and did so again during the war with the Americans, providing weapons, expertise, and manpower. Unlike during the Korean War, the United States yielded to this threat. Overall, though, they pumped only about 3,000 troops into the conflict, far fewer than the Chinese. Dwight Eisenhower JFK Lyndon Johnson Richard Nixon. 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