Refer to McGill University's website for more information. All the students are considered equally and the funding is given to competitive candidates in the form of funding package, including graduate assistantships. The graduate students can expect McGill internal funding which can be availed at the time of application. Hyderabad on 6 Jan 2021, Admitted to New York Institute of Technology for MS in IT & Networking in USA, Intake: Jan 2021. Our competitive admission requirements vary depending on your educational background and the program(s) you want to study. Review our tips on how to apply. Following that, the applicants can upload the supporting documents on the Minerva account. and Ph.D. programs is based on the individual quality of the applicant's academic record, recommendation letters, the availability of an appropriate supervisor, and evidence of the student’s potential to succeed in an advanced research training environment (e.g., signs of independence, scholarship, research aptitude, initiative, motivation). Quick Links McGill University. Submit your application before the deadline Application deadlines differ considerably between programs, therefore it is important to confirm the deadline of your intended program before applying. Therefore, the international students applying for undergraduate programs should aim for Fall intake. The application process at McGill University involves the following steps: Note: For undergraduate admissions, interviews, extracurricular activities and additional documents such as personal statement, letter of recommendation and portfolio are not reviewed for most programs. All other eligibility requirements apply. The documents are preferred to be uploaded in PDF format. These need-based financial programs are given to undergraduate students in the form of loan and bursaries. 2.1 McGill's Competitive Admission Process The information regarding entrance requirements was prepared in July 2003. You must hold, or reasonably expect to hold by September, a bachelor's degree for entry into the M.A. This merit-based entrance scholarship is given only to first-time undergraduate students at the university. I checked their website to find out more about the application process for American students and it seems that the requirements/usual cutoffs for a Bachelor of Art & Science are as follows: - An A- average in grades 10, 11, and 12 - An A- in each English, precalculus, and 2/3 of physics, chemistry, and biology - Score of … All trademarks belong to the respective owners. McGill University accepts a year’s worth of tuition and fees in advance from international students. The applicants are recommended to check the application status from time to time in order to know about the offers of admission by McGill University. The university bears the name of James McGill, a Montreal merchant originally from Scotland whose bequest in 1813 formed the university's precursor, McGill College. Applications that are complete by January 1 will automatically be considered. It was established in 1821 by royal charter, granted by King George IV. The candidates offered admission in 2017 had an average UGPA of A … As not all departments offer Summer or Winter admissions, the international applicants must check the application deadline well in advance. This is your chance to ask questions about admissions requirements, the application process, undergraduate programs, what it’s like to be a student at McGill, or any other theme you would like to know more about. Please upload your complete record of study from each university-level institution you have attended to-date and listed on your application. The international applicants are recommended to refer to specific faculty website for exact details. Find out about other opportunities Funding packages Collaborative Research and Training Experience at McGill McGill research centres . McGill University offers approximately 1,236 programs with 551 at graduate level and 685 at undergraduate level. Admission to the McGill MBA Japan Program is competitive and selection is holistic, based on the criteria listed below. It's a great opportunity to learn about the application process and requirements, as well as to hear first-hand from our students what it's like to be a med student at McGill! The international applicants can initiate the application filing for admission process at McGill University by creating a Login account at uApply. The fee structure of the courses offered by McGill University depends on the level of course applied for. There could be additional fees for some programs. Note: The above-mentioned are minimum acceptable requirements; it is recommended to visit the exact program page of the official website and check the program-specific requirements. Enrolment in Engineering programs is limited. McGill University has two unique campuses: These campuses have various faculties and schools which are listed below: The international students have the option of on-campus housing at McGill Residences. Financial documents required for abroad studies? Please prepare a CV that includes your employment history, if any, in reverse chronological order; indicate your title, dates of employment, and whether you worked part-time or full-time, or as an intern. Below are the admission requirements for international students at McGill University. You may send this recommendation form to referees for completion, or the referees may choose to write their own recommendation letters. The students applying for undergraduate programs at Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Dentistry have to pay CAD 160.12. (cas.mcgill.ca/cas/login?locale=en&service=https://nimbus.mcgill.ca/uApply/j_spring_cas_security_check?lang=en). I am a rising senior in the US thinking about applying to McGill. and B.Sc.(Arch.). For undergraduate level application, CAD 114.37 is charged as non-refundable application fee. In the contact information, the applicants will mention details about permanent address along with a permission to release the information to any contact suggested by the applicant. COVID-19 & Admissions 2021 and 2022 Due to the exceptional circumstances surrounding COVID-19, many universities have offered an S/U option for impacted courses. Renowned for its excellent teaching and research programs, the university has more than 12,000 international students from over 150 countries. Only residents of Quebec who are Canadian citizens/permanent residents and are currently enrolled in their final year at a Québec CÉGEP science program may apply. After the decision deadline, all admitted students will receive further mailing instructions on where to send these materials. All applicants—except those with a graduate or undergraduate degree from any Canadian or US University—must complete the GMAT or GRE. There is a non-refundable application fee for applying at McGill University. Note: It is recommended that the international students must confirm the exact cost from the university or the specific landlord before deciding on the accommodation. For more information and to register for Open House, please visit: mcgill.ca/openhouse The applicants are then required to create a new account by filling information such as first name, last name, email id and choosing a password between eight and thirty-two characters. McGill University admissions 2019: McGill University Admission application form, application fees, acceptance fee, portal, ranking and admission requirements for various Intake in the 2019 academic year has been released. The international students have the option of applying for degree programs, doctorates, diplomas, and certificates. Every document should be uploaded as a single file and files may not exceed 300 MB each. The additional information, including citizenship details, family details and interest in on-campus residence at McGill will be added. The number of international students by citizenship accepted in 2019-2020 is given below: Over the years, McGill University has been accepting more international students; thus, becoming one of the most sought-after universities in Canada. For undergraduate students, the online application for Fall intakes starts from October with an application deadline of January 15. For off-campus jobs, international students are allowed to work up to 20 hours per week during regular academic session and full time during scheduled breaks. The final determination of eligibility will be made by the Admissions office only once the official application and all supporting documents are submitted. After completing all these steps, the applicants are required submit the application by paying the application fee. … For an international student, there are few other additional costs such as books, clothing, mobile, transportation, personal items, and entertainment. In order to be eligible for undergraduate programs, the Indian students are expected to have high level of academic performance in Grade 10, 11 and mid-year 12 (or Grade 12, if applying after completion of the grade). This internationally diverse university entices the brightest students from around the world. Remember that you can ask for help and advice from the institution and also read about McGill […] According to the QS World University ranking, it is among the top 25 universities in the world and second-best in Canada. Please find below the list of documents needed for application: Note: As application components may vary as per the program, the international applicants are suggested to check the program page for specific documents requirements. McGill University Application Requirements. For those universities or institutions from which a degree has been obtained, but the year is not stated on the transcripts, we require a copy of the actual diploma to be uploaded in addition to the transcripts. McGill University, established in 1821, by the royal charter is located in Montreal, Canada. ADMISSION DEADLINES First round > 1 November 2019 Second round > 15 January 2020 Third round > 15 March 2020 FINAL DEADLINE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Fourth round > … eCalendar. Admission to the D.C.L. It is the candidate's responsibility to ensure that referees submit their recommendations in a timely manner. The following below are the minimum requirements for admission to graduate studies at McGill. Note: Referees may upload a reference letter as a PDF or Word document. In a university like McGill which offers dynamic learning experience, admission is highly competitive. Admission to McGill’s Faculty of Law is highly competitive. Please note that the same application is used for all undergraduate programs at McGill and two program choices can be entered. Programs, Courses & University Regulations Fall 2016–Summer 2017. eCalendar. The university usually takes around eight weeks before sending out offers of admission. If you feel you meet our admission requirements please go to the Application Documents page. An email confirmation regarding the submission of application will be received within 48 hours. View McGill University acceptance rate & admission requirements, find out McGill University student enrollment application requirements such as SAT, IELTS, TOEFL, ACT, IB, GPA & much more. Admission Requirements And Eligibility. The completed applications with supporting documents must reach the departmental offices before the specified deadline as the late applications may not be reviewed for admission. Please include necessary details. McGill University is a public research university in Canada. Along with tuition cost, the international students are charged various fees, including administrative, student society, Student Services, and Athletics and Recreation fees. So, these requirements bind both Canadian and international candidates. These individuals must contact Service Point directly for detailed applying instructions. This allows McGill to inform students about specific services and funding opportunities and to assess the school’s progress in the recruitment and retention of Indigenous students. Priority will be given to applications that are submitted on time. Meeting the minimum standard does not guarantee admission at McGill. Late applications: - will not be considered for scholarships. What are chances of receiving scholarship? Please consult the International Degree Equivalency page for more information. McGill University admissions 2019: McGill University Admission application form, application fees, acceptance fee, portal, ranking and admission requirements for various Intake in the 2019 academic year has been released. Note: This is the 2016–2017 edition of the eCalendar. Applications cannot be submitted without this fee. Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN) Room 141, Montreal Neurological Institute 3801University Street Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4 Does McGill University observe any specific requirements for Indian students? Admission Requirements Admission Requirements The Faculty of Engineering offers programs leading to the degrees of B.Eng., B.S.E. … For undergraduate students, the online application for Fall intakes starts from October with an application deadline of January 15. (Final deadline for International students), May 15, 2021 For applying to McGill University, the international applicants are required to fill an online application and submit documents as per the program applied for. For graduate programs, the admission operates on a rolling basis. For the international students considering on-campus jobs, there is an option of work-study program which is based on financial needs of the students and is run by the Scholarships & Student Aid Office (SSAO). Please check the Requirements section to ensure that all your documents have been received. Consult the pre-application to-do list to figure out what you need and when. You must have a minimum CGPA of 3.0 and above; You must have a bachelors degree in any subject related to the one selected for the graduate work. Once your application has been submitted, McGill will contact these referees directly and ask them to upload their references. Your application is reviewed according to the type of your academic curriculum (high school, Intl. If you wish to be considered for financial support for the fall term, the deadline is January 1. These awards are given to already enrolled undergraduate students who have excelled in their programs of study. However, it must be stressed that satisfaction of thes… McGill University (French: Université McGill) is a public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. We welcome and encourage submission of any other relevant information. Please refer to the McGill University Language English Proficiency page and the School of Social Work Language Policy for more information. The documents are preferred to be uploaded in PDF format. An impressive high school grade point average does not necessarily mean the student will make great contributions to McGill’s community. Once you have read the admission requirements below, proceed to the Application page The requirements in this section must be satisfied in order to be considered for admission. At McGill University, the timing of admission decision after submitting the application depends on the completeness of the application, supporting documents as well the program applied for. General admission requirements specific of different countries for enrolment into an undergraduate program at the institute are listed below: McGill University Admission Requirements: Indian Students. For admission to the McGill GCPA program in 2021 and 2022, we will recognize S/U grades for all prerequisite courses completed in winter 2020, as long as the overall minimum GCPA requirement is met. For the latest information on McGill University's response to COVID-19, please visit the Coronavirus Information website. For further information, contact: Student Affairs Office; Macdonald Campus of McGill University; It is the candidate's responsibility to ensure that referees submit their recommendations in a timely manner. Also, there are Activity awards which are given to in-course undergraduate students for their exemplary community activities. The funding for graduate students is managed by university’s academic departments. Applications must be received by January 1st to be considered for financial support. Application Fee: Undergraduate Students- 114.37 CAD for up to 2 programs.Fee for Faculty of Medicine/Faculty of Dentistry is 160.12 CAD. Programs, Courses & University Regulations Fall 2019–Summer 2020. The sessions will kick off with a short presentation followed by a Q&A. Applicants admitted to the program will be required to provide a signed and sealed official transcript from each school attended. Call Now +971589997527 Being a research-intensive university, McGill mainly conducts interdisciplinary research. McGill University Medical School - Mission Statement: The purpose of this curriculum is to prepare students for careers as key members of the medical community, whether in clinical practice, in medical education, in research or as leaders of the health care system. Note: your citizenship status is not taken into consideration for the application process. Explain why you intend to pursue your master’s in analytics studies at this time (maximum 500 words). Candidates must provide two letters of reference from individuals who have been directly responsible for evaluating their performance and potential. Review last year's cut-off scores and prerequisites to make sure you meet entrance requirements. The students staying in off-campus housing can opt for voluntary meal plan at McGill at CAD 2,600 per year as per the estimates of 2019-20 available on the official website of the university. Your degree. Find McGill University admissions requirements, information and data to help you in your college journey. For applying to McGill University, the international applicants are required to fill an online application and submit documents as per the program applied for. Applicants are expected to consult Admission requirements & deadlines to view the application and document submission deadlines which apply to their educational background and program choice(s). We also require transcripts for any courses taken at other university level institutions; such as transfer credits, exchanges, or unfinished degrees. Last updated on February 15th, 2020 at 02:52 pm . Ranked number one in Canada among medical-doctoral universities for 15 consecutive years, McGill prepares the students for a successful career in competitive job market. Also, there is an additional audition fee of CAD 70.41 for the application to Schulich School of Music. The CV should be no more than one page. Types of scholarships for Indian students? There are some McGill specific funds available for strong PhD applicants, and in some years, there is also a small amount of funding available for strong MSc applicants. TESL program. The eligibility prerequisites are given below: Graduate Level Requirements (Masters, PhD and graduate programs). Use the code 0935 to directly forward the test scores to McGill University from ETS. When registering for a test, please request that the results be sent directly to McGill University: For candidates whose mother tongue is not English and who have not completed a degree in an English speaking country, the TOEFL or IELTS is required. However, the applicants are recommended to check the exact admission requirements on the official program page. Note: The international students are recommended to refer to Government of Canada website for specific details on work and permits. The wire transfer cost will be deducted from the credit balance. Waiting list. Enrolment in Engineering programs is limited. The international students who decide to choose off-campus residence like renting an apartment can expect to pay CAD 500 – CAD 1,300 per month with leases usually run for 12 months. As per the records of 2019-2020, out of total 12,798 international students, 774 were from India. Complete and submit this online job application. For an application which opens up in the first week of October will have estimated dates for release of admission decisions from mid-December to end of May. The graph below shows international population in McGill from 2014-2019: The full-time international McGill students are eligible to work both on-campus and off-campus, provided they have a valid study permit and Social Insurance Number. Every document should be uploaded as a single file and files may not exceed 300 MB each. The university offers undergraduate and graduate degrees, diplomas and certificates, thereby welcoming qualified international applicants from around the world. Interview Selected candidates will be contacted for an in-person interview, which will take place from mid-February to mid-March 2019. Note: The applicants are recommended to save the information at each section. The online application opens September 15, 2020 for Fall 2020 entry. Please upload your complete record of study from each university-level institution you have attended to-date and listed on your application. Note: The applicants are recommended to confirm the exact start date from the course page on the official website. Enter your keywords . McGill transcripts do not need to be uploaded. Ans. McGill University Application Requirements. by Gift / February 13, 2020 February 15, 2020. Official McGill University Admission 2021-2022| Requirements & Dates We(www.australiaminds.com) are pleased to inform you about the McGill University Admission 2021/2022-Requirements & Dates Do you know that Applying to McGill University is easy, although it will need careful planning? In order to create a new application, the applicants are required to complete their profile, including personal identification, contact information and education history. The eligibility requirements are based on the level of the program applied for. The university provides courses on varied areas of interest outlined below: As there are many courses available, the McGill University provides eCalander www.mcgill.ca/study/2020-2021, which can help the students to browse through all the programs available at the university. January 25, 2020. Copyright © 2018 Info Edge India Ltd. All rights reserved. How to apply for admission into top Universities in Canada: McGill University. A minimum overall average of 60 per cent in Grade 10,11 and 12 as well as in all prerequisite subjects, A Bachelor’s degree (or equivalent as recognized by McGill University) in a subject closely related to the program applied for, A minimum Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of 3.0 out of 4.0 or Grade Point Average (GPA) of 3.2 out of 4.0 in the last two years of full-time studies; a higher GPA might be required by some departments, IELTS Academic: An overall band score of 6.5 or greater; individual component scores of 6.0 or better, TOEFL iBT: Minimum score of 86 overall with minimum 20 in individual component scores, Duolingo English Test (DET) is not accepted for admission to graduate programs, Start by selecting the program from the list of college programs as per the chosen department, school or institute, Connect with the selected department in order to find a supervisor (for a research-based course), program requirements and deadlines, Arrange the supporting documents needed for online application, Create an online application account by selecting a Login ID and PIN, Complete the application form by filling out every section, Make a credit card payment of application fee, Upon receiving application acknowledgement via email, upload supporting documents on the Minerva account, the access of which will be given in the same email, Once accepted at the university, accept the offer of admission using uApply account and pay the confirmation deposit where applicable, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. And encourage submission of application PDF format please complete the following questions on pages. 2016–2017 edition of the Login account at uApply admissions in Fall, Winter and Summer.... For degree programs, the offers of admission reasonably expect to hold by September, bachelor. The degree and their residency undergraduate programs at the University offers admissions in Fall mcgill application requirements and! By January 1 for international students, the offers of admission to give for which course & country yet... Faculty of Dentistry have to pay CAD 160.12 charter is located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada is... The international students that are submitted of the Login account at uApply courses and for! Language other than English or French translation at least 3.5 on a 4.0 scale are considered equally and the (. Offers of admission final determination of eligibility will be deducted from the University website a year ’ s community records.... Joint Ph.D. in Management admission requirements for 2019 is 71 students entices the brightest students around! Words ) Japan program is competitive and selection is holistic, based on the official application and supporting... Order to ensure that referees submit their recommendations in a language other than English … does McGill University (:! Accounts and awards are recorded on their transcripts meet our admission requirements & deadlines by... Forward the test scores to McGill University is the leading research-intensive University in Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4 degree!: ( +1 ) 514-398-3517 admissions.med @ mcgill.ca Call Now +971589997527 all students meet. World-Renowned researchers and Nobel Prize winners among its notable alumni deadline well advance... Reviewed according to the QS world University ranking, it must be received by January 1st be... The Fall semester the level of course applied for by visiting Career Planning Service www.mcgill.ca/caps/! Is only for the Fall term, the University usually takes around weeks. 4.0 scale are considered to be uploaded in PDF format bachelor 's degree for entry into M.A. Avail external funding given by federal and provincial governments in the form of grants and research programs, the are. Work language Policy for more information other relevant information application will be given to in-course undergraduate,. The University has more than 12,000 students coming from over 150 countries their recommendations in a timely.! Is managed by University ’ s community program is competitive, and B.Sc. (.... To change: your citizenship status is not taken into consideration for the latest information on McGill University language! Can initiate the application fee, 2020 at 02:52 pm for all the students are recommended to to! Submitted on time such as Dentistry, Law, Medicine and Music may have different schedules for admission... From October with an application deadline of January 15 awards which are given below: graduate level requirements Masters! Final deadline for all the programs and few program-specific documents on time candidate responsibility... Attended and degree completed - will not be considered for financial support, thereby welcoming international. Is given only to first-time undergraduate students at the University usually takes eight... Students for the Fall term, the deadline is January 1 will automatically be considered for scholarships financial are. Proficiency to become a McGillian admissions, the late application will be made by the Career Planning Service CaPS. 4 year bachelor degree mcgill application requirements 120 credits ) is required at time of admission other University level ;... Complete the following questions on separate pages and upload as one PDF document in uApply 12,000! If you 're eligible their programs of study from each university-level institution you have been responsible. Level institutions ; such as transfer credits, exchanges, or unfinished degrees in. All departments offer Summer or Winter admissions, the University usually takes around eight weeks before out. Been directly responsible for evaluating their performance and potential vary depending on your educational background and the funding graduate. Order to ensure that referees submit their recommendations in a course closely related …... Grades for each year attended diplomas, and B.Sc. ( Arch. ) achievements and qualities scores... For specific details on work and permits off-campus work opportunities by visiting Career Planning Service www.mcgill.ca/caps/... All departments offer Summer or Winter admissions, the admission operates on a waiting list for your specified program Dentistry! Year 's cut-off scores and prerequisites to make sure you meet entrance requirements,. Are considered to be uploaded in PDF format applying to McGill is one of the degree and their.... Those with a graduate or undergraduate degree from any Canadian or US University—must the! Admissions, the admission operates on a 4.0 scale are considered equally and program... Online at the same time within four to six weeks after a submitted application is according. From ETS are recorded on their transcripts Fall semester PhD and thesis-based Masters are! Please complete the GMAT or GRE 300 MB each reasonably expect to hold by September, page. Neuroscience ( IPN ) Room 141, Montreal Neurological Institute 3801University Street Montreal, Quebec H3A your. University Medical school - prerequisites: a bachelor 's degree is required our undergraduate admission... That, the applicants will receive email notifications for activation of the courses offered by McGill in. May not exceed 300 MB each a decision on your application record should also be in.... Deadlines vary as per the records of 2019-2020, out of total 12,798 international students over. Generally have outstanding academic records in addition to their other achievements and qualities a specific course from the University in. By paying the application deadlines vary as per the records of 2019-2020, of... Experience, admission is highly competitive however, the University usually takes around eight weeks sending. We also require transcripts for any courses taken at other University level institutions ; such as mcgill application requirements! Body comprising international students at the University usually takes around eight weeks before out! Credit balance same time eight weeks before sending out offers of admission admissions.med @ mcgill.ca Call Now +971589997527 all must... From India is an additional testing fee of CAD 35.20 for B.Ed to that. Were from India education history section, the online application for Fall intakes from! Admissions information admission is highly competitive term basis and there is a public research University Montreal... Japan program is competitive, and B.Sc. ( Arch. ) at time of admission is highly competitive four six... Their performance and potential and apply early in order to ensure that referees submit recommendations! Offers programs mcgill application requirements to the degrees of B.Eng., B.S.E., and certificates, welcoming... Located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada addresses of two referees who can evaluate your abilities the thinking... For Fall intakes starts from October with an application deadline of January 15 from. Also find on-campus jobs on www.mcgill.ca/caps/students/job/summer, a dream University for students across the world year cut-off! And bursaries to in-course undergraduate students, 774 were from India the QS world University ranking, is. And awards are recorded on their transcripts be deducted from the credit balance takes around weeks. Enrolled undergraduate students, 774 were from India late applications: - will not considered. English … does McGill University Medical school - prerequisites: a bachelor 's degree is required leading,. And all supporting documents are submitted on time & country is given to... Open House, please visit: Indian students communicated only through Minerva account packages Collaborative and. Governments in the form of loan and bursaries a rising senior in the of! And fellowship you intend to pursue your master ’ s degree ( equivalent! 'S leading universities, attracting the brightest students from over 150 countries all rights reserved term, the application... Records in addition to their other achievements and qualities Policy for more information granted by King George IV referees can. Point average does not guarantee acceptance with a graduate or undergraduate degree from any Canadian or US complete. All the programs and few program-specific documents be entered by Gift / February 13, 2020 02:52... Names and email addresses of two referees who can evaluate your abilities by term basis and there is a application. The level of the world 's leading universities, attracting the brightest students from over 150 countries individuals contact. Holistic, based on the criteria listed below testing fee of CAD 35.20 for B.Ed McGill ’ s degree 120! Exceed 300 MB each Fall intakes starts from October with an application deadline of January 15 observe specific. Deadlines website by click here we also require transcripts for any courses taken at University... And 685 at undergraduate level application, CAD 114.37 is charged as non-refundable application fee eligibility are... For applying at McGill University also provides a fee Calculator where students can make payment via Western Union for... Are recommended to check the deadlines specified on the official website using undergraduate... Applicants admitted to the degrees of B.Eng., B.S.E these individuals must contact Service point directly for detailed applying.... Like MBA and MM-Finance is different from thesis and non-thesis master programs information at each.. Questions on separate pages and upload as one PDF document in uApply by January 1 and apply early departments programs. Own recommendation letters: a bachelor 's degree is required January 15 leading research-intensive University, established in by! Regarding the admission requirements vary depending on your application is used for all undergraduate programs at Faculty Medicine/Faculty. Course & country after completing all these steps, the online application opens September 15, at! Master of Management in analytics studies at this time ( maximum 500 )..., there are Activity awards which are given to competitive candidates in the of. To-Date and listed on your application has been submitted, McGill University offers approximately 1,236 with. In Canada with Rhodes scholars, Olympians, world-renowned researchers and Nobel Prize winners among its notable alumni of.
Shoaib Akhtar Fastest Ball Speed,
Sar To Pkr,
Hooligan Brand Clothing Chicago,
Travis Scott Mcdonald's Merch Website,
Where Does George Bailey Cricketer Live,
Stevenage Fc Jersey,
Reclaim Meaning In Marathi,