Bidentate ligands bind through two donor sites. Monodentate ligands are Lewis bases that donate a single pair ("mono") of electrons to a metal atom. Bidentate ligands have two donor sites. My favourite is probably $\ce{[Cr2(OAc)4(H2O)2]}$ or chromium(II) acetate monohydrate. Water (H 2 O) and ammonia (NH 3) are examples of neutral monodentate ligands. Ethylenediamine is also an example of a chelating ligand. The most common example of these types of ligands is EDTA (ethylene di–amine tetra acetic acid). Monodentate ligands are sometimes referred to as being "one toothed" because they bind to the central metal atom at one point. An example of a bidentate ligand is ethylenediamine. Chemists often represent ligands as spheres for simplicity, even though the "sphere" sometimes has three-dimensional structure of its own. Ligand Examples . • Ambident Ligand: An ambident ligand is that ligand which binds with the central metal atom or ion through more than one site. Answer: Try to visualize this...because cyanide is a linear molecule, if the N attaches to metal, then the lone pair on C is pointing 180 degrees away and there is no way for this lone pair to wrap around and bind to the metal. Typical monodentate ligands are given in the figure below. Tridentate ligands have three binding sites. The halides, phosphines, ammonia and amines seen previously are monodentate ligands. Other ligands are described as bidentate because they have two points of attachment. The one example are halide ions such as C r , F − , I − and cyano, etc. The term "monodentate" can be translated as "one tooth," referring to the ligand binding to the center through only one atom. Monodentate ligands bind through only one donor atom. Monodentate ligands can be either ions or neutral molecules. Most cage structures discussed here are of low nuclearity (i.e. For example, ammonia and chloride ion are monodentate ligands of copper in the complexes [Cu(NH 3) 6] 2+ and [CuCl 6] 2+. For example, when chemists draw the structure for [Ni(NH 3) 6] 2+, each ammonia ligand is represented as a sphere.The sphere represents the donor atom of the ligand. Each end of this molecule contains a pair of nonbonding electrons that can form a covalent bond to a metal ion. The same goes if C attaches to the metal. For example, in the complex [Co(NH 3) 6] 3+, Co 3+ is the central atom and in the co-ordination compound [Pt(NH 3) 4][PtCl 4], Pt 2+ is the central ion. Coordinate bonds are usually not very strong, do not liberate enough energy and it would thus be more favourable for one of the two $\ce{O-M}$ bonds to be broken leading to acetate as a monodentate ligand. Monodentate ligands have one atom that can bind to a central atom or ion. Monodentate ligand is a ligand that has only one atom that coordinates directly to the central atom in a complex. Answer: A monodentate ligand has only one donor atom used to bond to the central metal atom or ion. Non-chelating ligands such as ammonia (NH 3) are monodentate, with one point of attachment (one tooth). Usually monodentate ligands fall under this category of ligands. A polydentate ligand has more than one donor site. Monodentate means "one-toothed." The lone pair on N is pointing in the opposite direction and cannot bind to the metal. Ethylenediamine (en) is a typical bidentate ligand. Bidentate means "two-toothed." Other ligands can attach to the metal more than once. There are, however, exceptions. This review mainly covers the ligand shape (length and angle) dependent variation of M n L 2n (M = square-planar coordinated metal center; L = bis-monodentate ligand; n = nuclearity) cage structures. 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