In the Rome of Renaissance times, an ancestor of Alexander VII was known as the "Magnificent". Alexander VII, original name Fabio Chigi, (born Feb. 13, 1599, Siena, Republic of Florence—died May 22, 1667, Rome), pope from 1655 to 1667. The decree asserts the rights of Spain and Portugal to colonize, convert, and enslave. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Gerard Haffner. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-VII, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Pope Alexander VII. He was successively inquisitor at Malta, vice-legate at Ferrara, and nuncio in Cologne (1639-51). Transcription. Alexander VII died at age 66 from kidney failure. Alexander VI was a pope who lived during the 15 th century, when Italy was experiencing the Renaissance.He is considered to be one of the most controversial popes in the history of the Roman Catholic Church .Instead of focusing on spiritual matters, Alexander was more concerned with material wealth and earthly power. Pope Alexander VI. Unable to attend school, he was taught first by his mother, and later by able tutors, and displayed remarkable precocity and love of reading. 5. Due to poor health that began in infancy he was educated primarily at home, first by his mother and subsequently by tutors. Alexander VI, given name Rodrigo Borgia, Roman Catholic Pope from 1492 until his death, is the most memorable of the corrupt and secular popes of the Renaissance. Pope Alexander VI made many alliances to secure his position. When Innocent X died, Chigi, the candidate favoured by Spain, was elected pope after eighty days in the conclave, on 7 April 1655, taking the name of Alexander VII.. Nepotism. In The Rhetoric Fiction, Wayne Booth (1961, ed. In the Rome of Renaissance times, an ancestor of Alexander VII was known as the “Magnificent”. Borgia sought to appear as a great Pope, despite his engagement in public lechery, simony, and other forms of corruption. A seventeenth-century pamphlet credited to Ayres, titled A short Account of the Life and Death of Pope Al… In 1639 he was promoted to the nunciature of Cologne; and in 1644 was made envoy extraordinary of Innocent X to the conference of Münster, in which post he energetically defended papal interests during the negotiations that led, in 1648, to the Peace of Westphalia. Pope Alexander VII Era: 1655-1667. Pope Alexander VII (13 February 1599 – 22 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death in 1667. His uncle, Alfonso Borgia, was a cardinal, and his parents decided early in his life that Rodrigo was destined to join his uncle in the Catholic Church. Fabio Chigi, born at Sienna, 13 February, 1599; elected 7 April, 1655; died at Rome, 22 May, 1667.The Chigi of Sienna were among the most illustrious and powerful of Italian families.In the Rome of Renaissance times, an ancestor of Alexander VII was known as the "Magnificent". Quart. With their advent came a marked change in the manner of life of the pontiff. Title: Pope Alexander VII; Creator: Gasparo Morone; Date Created: 17th century; Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Quart.Review, April, 1900.] Inter Caetera – Division of the undiscovered world between Spain and Portugal – May 4, 1493 [Bull] Pope Alexander VII April 7, 1655 to May 22, 1667. 3. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Gerard Haffner. March 1, 1907. Vol. Cath. The latter owed much also to his mother, a woman of singular power and skill in the formation of youth. Grandnephew of Pope Paul V, Chigi served the church as vice legate at Ferrara and as nuncio at Cologne (1639–51). The choice was considered providential. Alexander VII, who as adviser of Innocent X had vigorously advocated the condemnation, confirmed it in 1665 by the Bull "Ad Sacram" declaring that it applied to the aforesaid work of Jansen and to the very meaning intended by him; he also sent to France his famous "formulary", to be signed by all the clergy as a means of detecting and extirpating Jansenism. His own sanctity of life, severity of morals, and aversion to luxury made more resplendent his virtues and talents. He assisted the Venetians in combating the Turks who had gained a foothold in Crete, and obtained in return the restoration of the Jesuits, exiled from Venice since 1606. Secretary of state to Pope Innocent X in 1651 and made cardinal in 1652, Chigi was elected pope on April 7. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York. Corrections? Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99... Fabio Chigi, born at Sienna, 13 February, 1599; elected 7 April, 1655; died at Rome, 22 May, 1667. Borgia took the name "Pope Alexander VI", and his papacy began on 11 August 1492. APA citation. 6. Ecclesiastical approbation. Pope John XII (955 to 964) Attaining the title of pope at age 18, John XII was quickly deemed lazy … Source(s): c2+: CB; b: The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, 19 Feb 1652 The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. This article intends to distinguish him from the many other men to have donned the crown and vestments of his title in the hope that the information will better stand out in the mind of its audience. Grandnephew of Pope Paul V, Chigi served the church as vice legate at Ferrara and as nuncio at Cologne (1639–51). The youth of Fabio was marked by continued ill-health, consequent upon an attack of apoplexy in infancy. Alexander VII, POPE (FABIO CHIGI), b. at Sienna, February 13, 1599; elected April 7, 1655; d. at Rome, May 22, 1667.The Chigi of Sienna were among the most illustrious and powerful of Italian families. Divided the New World for Portugal, Spain. (See THIRTY-YEARS WAR.) From: 'St. Through the support of Cardinal Alfonso Borgia, Rodrigo o… 1. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01294a.htm. Alexander VII, given name Fabio Chigi, Roman Catholic Pope from 1655 to 1667, was born at Siena on the 13th of February 1599.
. MLA citation. He sought help from Charles VIII of France (1483–1498), who was allied to Ludovico "Il Moro" (the Moor, so called because of his swarthy complexion) Sforza, the de factoDuke of Milan, who needed French support to legitimise his rule. By his high-handed abuse of the traditional right of asylum granted to ambassadorial precincts in Rome, he precipitated a quarrel between France and the papacy, which resulted in the Pope's temporary loss of Avignon and his forced acceptance of the humiliating treaty of Pisa in 1664. Pope Alexander VII. Alexander VII: Alexander Septimus: Fabio Chigi: Siena, Tuscany, Italy 20 June 1667 to 9 December 1669 Clement IX: Clemens Nonus: Giulio Rospigliosi Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy 29 April 1670 to 22 July 1676 Clement X: Clemens Decimus: Emilio Altieri Rome, Italy 21 September 1676 to 11/12 August 1689 Innocent XI Blessed Innocent Innocentius Undecimus Fabio Chigi was born at Siena in 1599, the son of a distinguished family of bankers. Peter's - Guide to the Basilica and Square' Opposite and on the right, is the famous monument of Alexander VII (1655-1667), the last great masterpiece of the … The infamous Borgias were Spanish nobles who attained power and wealth in Spain and across the Italian peninsula during the Renaissance by securing high-ranking civic and ecclesiastical offices. Urban VIII and Alexander VII each occupied the papal throne during the seventeenth century, and were munificent and discriminating patrons of the arts, as well as men of conspicuous erudition and imagination. [For details of the conclave see Pastor, "Hist. New York: Robert Appleton Company. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. He Kept Multiple Mistresses. His pontificate was marked by several disputes; he confirmed the condemnation of Jansenism but supported the Jesuits, allowing them to use Chinese rites for their mission work in China. Peterson, John Bertram. In 1662 the equally hostile Duc de Crequi was made ambassador. Learn more about this artwork. Alexander I, 105–15. Pope Alexander VI (Latin: Alexander Sextus; 1431–1503), born Rodrigo Lanzol y Borja, was an Spanish cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 215th Pope from 1492 to 1503. AKA Rodrigo de Borja. Alexander VII was the pope who commissioned Bernini to enclose St. Peter's Square with the colonnade. The inimical relations between Spain and Portugal occasioned by the latter's establishment of independence (1640) were a source of grave trials for Alexander, as for other popes before and after him. Alexander VI and his son Cesare Borgia emerged as two of the most feared and hated figures in Italy during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, leading some to believe Pope Alexander VI's cause of death was assassination. 2. The administration was given largely into the hands of his relatives, and nepotic abuses came to weigh as heavily as ever upon the papacy. . Clement I, 88–97. 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